Condition-based lane suggestions for travel advising

ABSTRACT

Users who are traveling on a path between a first location and a second location may be informed by navigation devices about the user&#39;s selected route. The path may also feature two or more lanes, which may present comparative advantages (e.g., a toll-restricted lane may present less traffic, and a toll-free lane may present more traffic at a reduced cost). Presented herein are techniques for enabling navigation devices to advise users about the lanes of the path. A travel service may collect information about the respective lanes, such as traffic density and the typical travel duration of users utilizing the lane during various periods, and may transmit information about the predicted travel durations of the respective lanes to the device. Such information may enable the device to advise the user to choose a selected lane, according to the predicted travel durations of the lanes of the path.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/122,949, titled “CONDITION-BASED LANESUGGESTIONS FOR TRAVEL ADVISING” and filed on Sep. 1, 2016, which is anational stage entry of International Patent Application No.PCT/US2015/018417, titled “CONDITION-BASED LANE SUGGESTIONS FOR TRAVELADVISING” and filed on Mar. 3, 2015, which claims priority under 35U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 61/946,962, titled“DETERMINING HOV/HOT LANE TRAVEL TIMES” and filed on Mar. 3, 2014. Theentireties of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/122,949, InternationalPatent Application No. PCT/US2015/018417, and U.S. Patent ApplicationNo. 61/946,962 are incorporated herein by reference as if fullyrewritten herein.

BACKGROUND

Within the field of computing, many scenarios involve devices thatassist a user in navigating a vehicle, using techniques such as findinga location of interest; routing between a first location and a secondlocation; and presenting travel-related status information, a speedlimit, a traffic notification, or a warning of a hazardous weather orroad condition. In many such scenarios, the device advises the user withrespect to navigation; e.g., in addition to notifying the user of thepresence of traffic ahead along the current route, the device may advisethe user to take a different route in order to avoid such traffic. Suchtravel advisory systems may also utilize a variety of personalinformation to choose the provision of advice, such as the user'ssensitivity to costs, safety, travel time, and ecological impact.

SUMMARY

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This Summary is not intended to identify key factors oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Within navigation assistance scenarios, one factor that may be relevantto the user's navigation along a path is the selection of a lane amongtwo or more lanes of the path. For example, a freeway along which theuser is traveling may feature both a toll-controlled lane that isrestricted to drivers who are willing to pay a toll, and a toll-freelane that is open to all users but may present a greater volume oftraffic. While a navigation device may notify the user of the laneoptions for the path, and may advise the user based on the user'spreferences (e.g., whether the user prefers to reduce tolls or reducetravel time), such prediction may be inaccurate if it does not take intoaccount the current conditions of the lane. For example, atoll-restricted lane may, in the abstract, be predicted as providingfaster travel along the path relative to a toll-free lane; but in somecircumstances, the toll-restricted lane may provide a significantreduction of travel time, while in other circumstances, thetoll-restricted lane may have a minimal, zero, or even adverse effect ontravel time as compared with the toll-free lane. Many such navigationassistance devices may either not provide a recommendation to the user,or may provide a recommendation that is based on a prediction that isnot informed by the current circumstances of the respective lanes of thepath.

Presented herein are techniques for configuring a navigation device toassist a user who is traveling or intends to travel along a path betweena first location and a second location, where the path comprises atleast two lanes. In accordance with the techniques presented herein, atravel service may receive travel reports indicating travel conditionsfor the respective lanes of the path, and, for the respective lanes, mayidentify a typical travel duration. As one such example, the travelservice may receive and store travel reports for the respective lanesduring one or more periods (e.g., collected from users traveling thepath during a first time of day, such as a morning “rush-hour” period,and also from a second time of day, such a midday period), and mayidentify a typical travel period for the respective lanes of the pathduring various periods. For a selected user who intends to travel thepath during a selected period, the travel service may utilize the travelreports to identify a predicted travel duration of the respective lanesof the path, based on the typical travel durations of users who haveutilized the respective lane during the period. Such evaluation may bebased on upon historic data, including the stored travel reports;heuristics; human-specified information; and/or machine-learningtechniques, such as an artificial neural network trained to identify apredicted travel duration for respective lanes of a path. The travelservice may notify the device of the user about the travel durations ofthe respective paths, and/or a selected lane that is recommended for theuser's intended travel along the path during the selected period.

In accordance with the techniques presented herein, the device mayreceive, from a travel service, a predicted travel duration of therespective lanes of the path between the first location and the secondlocation. The device may compare the predicted travel duration of therespective lanes to identify a selected lane, and may advise the user tochoose the selected lane while traveling the path between the firstlocation and the second location.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the followingdescription and annexed drawings set forth certain illustrative aspectsand implementations. These are indicative of but a few of the variousways in which one or more aspects may be employed. Other aspects,advantages, and novel features of the disclosure will become apparentfrom the following detailed description when considered in conjunctionwith the annexed drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example scenario featuring users drivingalong a path from a first location to a second location.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of an example scenario featuring a techniquefor advising a user of lane recommendations among the lanes of a path inaccordance with the techniques presented herein.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of an example method of advising a user of aselected lane, among at least two lanes of a path between a firstlocation and a second location, in accordance with the techniquespresented herein.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of an example method of providing a travelservice to users who are traveling on a path comprising at least twolanes, in accordance with the techniques presented herein.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of an example device that advises a user of aselected lane, among at least two lanes of a path between a firstlocation and a second location, in accordance with the techniquespresented herein.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of an example computer-readable mediumcomprising processor-executable instructions configured to embody one ormore of the provisions set forth herein.

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a first example technique for monitoringlane conditions of the lanes of a path, in accordance with thetechniques presented herein.

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a second example technique for monitoringlane conditions of the lanes of a path, in accordance with thetechniques presented herein.

FIG. 9 is an illustration of an example technique for evaluating a setof lane condition reports provided by a set of users with respect to thelanes of a path, in accordance with the techniques presented herein.

FIG. 10 is an illustration of an example technique for delivering lanecondition reports from various sources to a travel service, inaccordance with the techniques presented herein.

FIG. 11 is an illustration of an example technique for delivering a setof predicted travel times of respective lanes of a path to a usertraveling the path between a first location and a second location, inaccordance with the techniques presented herein.

FIG. 12 is an illustration of a set of example techniques for advising auser to choose a selected lane of a path between a first location and asecond location, in accordance with the techniques presented herein.

FIG. 13 is an illustration of an example computing environment whereinone or more of the provisions set forth herein may be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The claimed subject matter is now described with reference to thedrawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to likeelements throughout. In the following description, for purposes ofexplanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to providea thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. It may beevident, however, that the claimed subject matter may be practicedwithout these specific details. In other instances, structures anddevices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitatedescribing the claimed subject matter.

A. Introduction

FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example scenario 100 wherein a user 102is operating a vehicle 104 on a path 106 between a first location 108and a second location 110. The path 106 may feature two or more lanes112 that enable a capacity of vehicles 104 to travel on the path 106,and the user 102 may choose among the lanes 112 of the path 106 whiletraveling toward the second location 110. Additionally, some lanes 112may present a travel restriction 114, such as a prerequisite toll thatis assessed to the user 102 in exchange for utilizing the lane 112; ahigh-occupancy vehicle requirement that specifies a minimum legaloccupancy of vehicles 104 using the lane 112; and/or a restriction onthe speed, height, or weight of vehicles 104 using the lane 112. Otherlanes 112 may present different or no travel restrictions 114, and theuser 102 may be presented with a choice among the lanes 112 of the path106.

As further illustrated in the example scenario 100 of FIG. 1, otherdrivers 116 who are also operating vehicles 104 of the path 106 maysimilarly be presented with a choice among the lanes 112, and suchchoices may result in different lane conditions of the respective lanes.For example, the lane restriction 114 on a first lane 112 may reduce thenumber of drivers 116 choosing the first lane 112, while a second lane112 that lacks the lane restriction 114 may be more frequently selectedby drivers 116. As a result, it may be projected that traffic in thesecond lane 112 typically exceeds traffic in the first lane 112. Whenfaced with such a choice, the user 102 of the vehicle 104 may becompelled to compare the projected advantage of the first lane 112 andthe travel restriction 114 on the first lane 112, e.g., guessing whetherthe possibility of faster travel along the path 106 is justified by therequirements of the travel restriction 114 of the first lane 112. Forexample, if the travel restriction 114 is a toll, the user 102 maychoose the first lane 112 and may be willing to pay the toll when theuser 102 is in a hurry; and may choose the second lane 112 to avoid thetoll, despite the greater possibility of traffic and delayed travelalong the path 106, when the user 102 is not in a hurry.

However, as further illustrated in the example scenario 100 of FIG. 1,the user's projection of the comparative advantages of the lanes 112 maynot reflect the reality of the lanes 112 and the actual, achievableadvantages thereof. For example, in a first such scenario 118, thetravel restriction 114 may cause a significant reduction in trafficvolume as compared with the second lane 112, and the user 102 mayadvantageously select the first lane 112 in order to achieve a reducedtravel time. However, in a second such scenario 120, the first lane 112may exhibit a high volume of traffic—possibly even exceeding the trafficvolume of the second lane 112—and may therefore not provide asignificant advantage, or may even provide a disadvantage,notwithstanding the application of the travel restriction 114 on thefirst lane 112. Accordingly, the user 102 may agree to be assessed atoll in order to enter the first lane 112, and may be frustrated thatthe first lane 112 does not provide an advantage over the toll-freesecond lane 112. However, the user 102 may not be capable of assessingthe actual lane conditions of the respective lanes 112, e.g., due tolimited vision or knowledge of the current conditions of the path 106,and may therefore have to choose a lane 112 in the absence of up-to-dateinformation or advice.

B. Presented Techniques

Presented herein are techniques for enabling a navigation device toadvise a user 102 about the choice of lanes 112 on a path 106 between afirst location 108 and a second location 110, based on lane conditionreports that enable a predicted travel duration if various lanes 112 ofthe path 106 are utilized.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of an example scenario 200 demonstrating adevice 202 aboard a vehicle 104 and in communication with a travelservice 208 that assists with the provision of lane recommendations. Inthis example scenario 200, the device 202 performs lane monitoring 204of various lanes 112 of the path 106 between the first location 108 andthe second location 110, such as traffic density in the lane 112; thespeeds of vehicles 104 occupying the lane 112; and the observed travelduration between the first location 108 and the second location 110. Therespective devices 202 may transmit 206 such information to a travelservice 208, which may store a set of travel reports 210 submitted bythe devices 202 aboard various vehicles 104 and respectively indicatingthe travel duration between the first location 108 and the secondlocation 110 when using the lane. The travel service 208 may alsocompile other information 212 that is relevant to the travel service208, such as the travel restrictions 114 (e.g., toll rates) of therespective lanes 112. According to such information, for a particulardevice 202 aboard a particular vehicle 104 that is traveling on the path106 between the first location 108 and the second location 110, thetravel service 208 may formulate and present a set of lanerecommendations 214, respectively indicating the predicted travelduration 216 if the lane 112 is used to travel the path 106 between thefirst location 108 and the second location 110. The lane recommendations214 may also be based in part on the other information 212 of the travelservice 208, such as the toll rates and the travel restrictions 114 ofthe respective lanes 112. Additionally, the travel service 208 mayprovide such information 212 with the lane recommendations 214, such asthe travel restrictions 214 that may affect the user's choice among thelanes 112, and/or a selected lane 218 that is recommended by the travelservice 208 for the user 102. The lane recommendations are transmitted220 to the device 202, which may advise the user 102 to choose theselected lane 218 while traveling the path 106 from the first location108 to the second location 110, in accordance with the techniquespresented herein.

C. Technical Effects

The techniques presented herein may provide a variety of technicaleffects in the scenarios provided herein.

As a first such example, the techniques provided herein may enable adetermination of the status of a path 106, such as traffic conditions ofvarious lanes of a road, based upon a collection of information aboutthe lanes 112 of the path 106 from respective vehicles 104 traveling onthe path 106. That is, while general traffic information about the path106 may be derived from more generalized metrics such as the reportedspeeds of vehicles 104, such metrics may not provide a fully detailedaccount of the conditions of the respective lanes 112 of the path 106.For example, a discrepancy arising in a particular lane 112 of the path106 as compared with the other lanes 112 of the path 106 may indicatethe presence of an obstruction, such as traffic, a vehicular accident,or a pothole, which may otherwise be difficult to differentiate from ageneralized traffic condition such as volume-induced congestion.

As a second such example, the techniques provided herein may enable amore detailed evaluation of the conditions of the path 106, andtherefore may provide more accurate determination of routing factors,such as an estimated travel duration and an estimated time of arrival.For example, if traffic congestion is detected along the route of theuser 102 between the first location 108 and the second location 110, anestimated travel duration reported to the user 102 may be updated toreflect a projected delay. The duration of the projected delay may beestimated based in part on whether the traffic congestion is confined toone of the lanes 112 of the path 106 and may therefore be avoidable, orwhether the traffic congestion applies to all lanes 112 of the path 106.Additionally, the determination of the conditions of the lanes 112 ofthe path 106 may assist a navigation device with a determination ofwhether or not to re-route the user 102 through a different path 106that may enable an avoidance of a travel delay affecting the currentpath 106 of the user 102.

As a third such example, the techniques provided herein may enable moredetailed navigation assistance of the user 102. For example, in additionto informing the user 102 of the length of the path 106 and the lane for112 for a projected turn or exit ramp, a navigation device that utilizesthe techniques presented herein may advise the user 102, duringnavigation of the vehicle 104, to choose a selected lane 112 based onthe travel conditions. Moreover, such information may be presented tothe user 102 in a timely manner (e.g., choosing an ideal moment toadvise the user 102 to select a different lane 112), and/or may be basedupon current or typical conditions for the respective lanes 112 of thepath 106. For example, a user 102 may be operating a vehicle 104 in aleft lane 112 of the path 106, and may be embarking upon a route thatinvolves a right turn from the right lane 112 of the path 106 two milesahead. However, based on the evaluation of the conditions of the lanes112 of the path 106, a navigation device may decide whether to advisethe user 102 to switch to the right lane 112 as soon as possible (e.g.,because traffic is developing in the left lane 112), or to remain in theleft lane 112 until the turn is imminent (e.g., because traffic isdeveloping in the right lane 112). In this manner, the navigation devicemay advise the user 102 in the navigation of the vehicle 104 in a mannerthat is informed by the current conditions of the lanes 112 of the path106 in accordance with the techniques presented herein.

D. Example Embodiments

FIG. 3 presents a first example embodiment of the techniques presentedherein, illustrated as an example method 300 of advising a user 102operating a vehicle 104 on a path 106 having at least two lanes 112. Theexample method 300 may be implemented on a device having a processor,and that is in communication with a travel service 208 havinginformation about the conditions of the lanes 112 of the path 106. Theexample method 300 may be implemented, e.g., as a set of instructionsstored in a memory component of the device (e.g., a memory circuit, aplatter of a hard disk drive, a solid-state memory component, or amagnetic or optical disc) that, when executed by the processor of thedevice, cause the device to perform the techniques presented herein.

The example method 300 begins at 302 and involves executing 304 theinstructions on the processor. Specifically, the instructions cause thedevice to, for the respective lanes 112 of the path 106, receive 306from the travel service 208 a predicted travel duration of the lane 112between the first location 108 and the second location 110, wherein thepredicted travel duration is based on a travel condition of the lane112. The instructions also cause the device to compare 308 the predictedtravel durations of the lanes 112 of the path 106 in order to identify aselected lane 218. The instructions also cause the device to advise 310the user 102 to choose the selected lane 216 while traveling the path106 between the first location 108 and the second location 110. In thismanner, the example method 300 advises the user 102 as to the selectionof lanes 112 of the vehicle 104 in accordance with the techniquespresented herein, and so ends at 312.

FIG. 4 presents a first example embodiment of the techniques presentedherein, illustrated as an example method 400 of providing a travelservice 208 to users 102 of vehicles 104 operating on a path 106. Theexample method 300 may be implemented on a server having a processor,and that is in communication with devices of users 102 operating withinvehicles 104. The example method 300 may be implemented, e.g., as a setof instructions stored in a memory component of the server (e.g., amemory circuit, a platter of a hard disk drive, a solid-state memorycomponent, or a magnetic or optical disc) that, when executed by theprocessor of the server, cause the server to perform the techniquespresented herein.

The example method 400 begins at 402 and involves executing 404 theinstructions on the processor. Specifically, the instructions cause theserver to, upon receiving from a first user 102 a travel report 210indicating a travel condition for a lane 112 of a path 106 between afirst location 108 and a second location 110 during a period, store 406the travel report 210. The instructions further cause the server to, forthe respective lanes 112 of the path 106 between the first location 108and the second location 110, determine 408, for the respective periods,a typical travel duration for the lane 112 according to the travelconditions during the period. The instructions further cause the serverto, upon receiving from a second user 102 a request for a predictedtravel duration of a selected lane 218 of the path 106 during a selectedperiod, provide 410 a predicted travel duration based on the typicaltravel duration for the selected lane 218 of the path 106 during theselected period. In this manner, the server advises the second user 102of the travel duration of the selected path 218 based upon the laneconditions reported by the first user 102 in accordance with thetechniques presented herein, and so ends at 410.

FIG. 5 presents an illustration of an example scenario 500 featuring athird example embodiment of the techniques presented herein, illustratedas an example system 508 for advising a user 110 to choose among thelanes 112 of a path 106 that the user is traveling between a firstlocation 108 and a second location 110. The example system 508 may beimplemented, e.g., on a device 502 having a processor 504 and a memory506. Such device 502 may be operating within the vehicle 104 of the user102, and/or may operate as part of a travel service provided to the user102 by a server. Respective components of the example system 508 may beimplemented, e.g., as a set of instructions stored in a memory 506 ofthe device 502 and executable on the processor 504 of the device 502,such that the interoperation of the components causes the device 502 tooperate according to the techniques presented herein.

The example system 508 comprises a lane report evaluation component 510that receives and/or determines a travel report 210 indicating a lanecondition of a lane 112 of the path 106 based upon lane monitoring 204gathered during an operation of a vehicle 104 on the path 106. Thetravel report 210 may be received from the user 102, the vehicle 104,and/or another user 102 of another vehicle 104, and may be reportedand/or received from a travel service 208. As one such example, thetravel reports 210 may be utilized to determine typical travel durations514 of the respective lanes 112 of the path 106 during typical periods(e.g., a typical travel duration 514 of a left lane 112 and a right lane112 of the path both during a morning commute period, and during aweekend evening period). The example system 508 also comprises a lanesuggesting component 512 that presents the lane suggestion to the user102, e.g., by advising the user 102 to choose the selected lane 218while traveling on the path 106 from the first location 108 to thesecond location 110. In this manner, the example system 508 may enablethe sample device 502 to advise the user 102 in the operation of thevehicle 104 based on the lane conditions of the respective lanes inaccordance with the techniques presented herein.

Still another embodiment involves a computer-readable medium comprisingprocessor-executable instructions configured to apply the techniquespresented herein. Such computer-readable media may include, e.g.,computer-readable storage media involving a tangible device, such as amemory semiconductor (e.g., a semiconductor utilizing static randomaccess memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), and/orsynchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) technologies), aplatter of a hard disk drive, a flash memory device, or a magnetic oroptical disc (such as a CD-R, DVD-R, or floppy disc), encoding a set ofcomputer-readable instructions that, when executed by a processor of adevice, cause the device to implement the techniques presented herein.Such computer-readable media may also include (as a class oftechnologies that are distinct from computer-readable storage media)various types of communications media, such as a signal that may bepropagated through various physical phenomena (e.g., an electromagneticsignal, a sound wave signal, or an optical signal) and in various wiredscenarios (e.g., via an Ethernet or fiber optic cable) and/or wirelessscenarios (e.g., a wireless local area network (WLAN) such as WiFi, apersonal area network (PAN) such as Bluetooth, or a cellular or radionetwork), and which encodes a set of computer-readable instructionsthat, when executed by a processor of a device, cause the device toimplement the techniques presented herein.

An example computer-readable medium that may be devised in these ways isillustrated in FIG. 6, wherein the implementation 600 comprises acomputer-readable medium 602 (e.g., a CD-R, DVD-R, or a platter of ahard disk drive), on which is encoded computer-readable data 604. Thiscomputer-readable data 604 in turn comprises a set of computerinstructions 606 configured to operate according to the principles setforth herein. Many such computer-readable media may be devised by thoseof ordinary skill in the art that are configured to operate inaccordance with the techniques presented herein.

E. Variable Aspects

The techniques discussed herein may be devised with variations in manyaspects, and some variations may present additional advantages and/orreduce disadvantages with respect to other variations of these and othertechniques. Moreover, some variations may be implemented in combination,and some combinations may feature additional advantages and/or reduceddisadvantages through synergistic cooperation. The variations may beincorporated in various embodiments (e.g., the example method 300 ofFIG. 3; the example method 400 of FIG. 4; the example system 508 of FIG.5; and the example computer-readable storage device 602 of FIG. 6) toconfer individual and/or synergistic advantages upon such embodiments.

E1. Scenarios

A first aspect that may vary among embodiments of these techniquesrelates to the scenarios wherein such techniques may be utilized.

As a first example of this first aspect, the techniques presented hereinmay be used with many types of vehicles 104, including automobiles,motorcycles, trucks, trains, buses, watercraft, aircraft, drones, andspacecraft. The techniques may also be utilized to advise the user 102while traveling along many types of paths 106, such as a roadway,highway, sidewalk, dirt or grass path, waterway, and airspace. Suchvehicles may be controlled by one or more humans, may be autonomous, ormay involve a combination thereof, such as an autonomous automobile thatcan also be controlled by a human. Moreover, such paths 106 may bedivided into lanes 112 in a variety of ways, such as a conceptualpartitioning of the path 106 into lanes 112 and/or a demarcation of thelanes 112 through visual and/or electronic identifiers.

As a second example of this first aspect, the techniques presentedherein may utilize a variety of sources of information to detect theconditions of the lanes 112 of the path 106. As a first example, whenrequested to maintain a selected speed, the device may utilizeacceleration and braking rates that are typical of the user 102 (e.g.,accelerating and braking aggressively when an aggressive driver isoperating the vehicle 104, and accelerating and braking more graduallywhen a relaxed driver is operating the vehicle 104). As a secondexample, while the user 110 is controlling the speed of the vehicle 104,the device may compare the speed of the vehicle 104 with the postedspeed limit in order to determine the user's typical preference fordriving over, at, or under the speed limit; and when requested tomaintain a steady speed, the device may continuously adapt the targetspeed with respect to the current speed limit in order to reflect thespeed preferences of the user 102. Other examples of the types ofdriving behaviors that may indicate the lane condition of the lane 112of the path 106 include the braking rates of the user 102 (e.g., whetherthe user prefers stopping over short distances or more gradually overlonger distances); the speed and/or turning profile of the vehicle 104while traversing curves; the altitude and/or attitude of an airbornevehicle 104; a maintained distance of the vehicle 104 with respect to atleast one other vehicle 104; the preference of the user 102 to yield toother vehicles 104; and a lane change frequency of the vehicle 104between at least two lanes 112. Alternatively or additionally, suchtechniques may utilize a variety of other information to detect the laneconditions of the lanes 112 of the path 106, including the time of day;sunny, overcast, foggy, rainy, snowing, and/or freezing weatherconditions; a vehicle causeway type context (e.g., an unpaved localroad, a residential side street, a main roadway, or a highway); atraffic congestion context (e.g., the volume of traffic in the vicinityof the vehicle 104); a vehicle speed of at least one other vehicle 104operating near the vehicle 104 (e.g., if the vehicle 104 is passing,being passed by, or keeping pace with other vehicles 104); the route ofthe vehicle 104 (e.g., a short local route, a longer cross-city route,or a long-distance route between cities); and a vehicle conditioncontext (e.g., the maintenance condition and/or cargo contents of thevehicle 104); and a vehicle passenger context (e.g., the number andidentities of other passengers aboard the vehicle 104).

As a third example of this first aspect, the techniques presented hereinmay utilize a variety of sources of information to choose a selectedlane 218 for recommendation to the user 102, in addition to thepredicted travel duration of the lane 112 while traveling the path 106between the first location 108 and the second location 110. Suchinformation may include, e.g., a lane preference of the user 102 (e.g.,whether the user 102 prefers to operate the vehicle 104 in a particularlane); sensitivities of the user 102 to conditions such as trafficdensity, speed, speed fluctuation, lane change frequency, costs, andecological impact; and driving behaviors of the user 102 (e.g., apreferred amount of advance notice before the user 102 is compelled tochange lanes 112 in order to adhere to a selected route). These andother variations may arise regarding the scenarios within which thetechniques may be advantageously utilized.

E2. Lane and Lane Condition Determination

A second aspect that may vary among embodiments of these techniquesinvolves the determination of the lane 112 of a user 102, as well as thelane condition of the lane 112 and, optionally, other lanes 112 of thepath 106 that are detectable by a device of the user 102. Thedetermination of the lane 112 of the user 102 may be utilized, e.g., todetermine which lane 112 the user 102 has occupied or is occupying totravel the path 106 from the first location 108 to the second location110, and/or the lane 112 of the path 106 that is described by a travelreport 210 received by the travel service 208.

FIG. 7 presents an illustration of an example scenario 700 featuring afirst variation of this second aspect, wherein the lane 112 of the path106 occupied by a vehicle 104 of the user 102 is detected according to aproximity sensor 702 of the vehicle 104 that includes a variety oftechniques, such as visual evaluation of camera data; ranging datagathered by sonar, radar, and/or lidar detection; and/or electroniccommunication with other vehicles 104 operating on the path 106. In thisexample scenario 700, the vehicle 104 is equipped with a proximitysensor 702 that detects a proximity of the vehicle 104 with respect toother vehicles 104 operating on the path 106, such as a distance 704between the vehicle 104 and another vehicle 104 that is ahead of and/orbehind the vehicle 104 of the user 102; the relative speeds of thevehicles 104 ahead of and/or behind the user 102; and/or the rates ofacceleration, braking, turning, and/or swerving by the user 102 and thedrivers 116 of the other vehicles 104. The proximity sensor 702 may alsodetect information about vehicles 104 in other lanes 112 of the path106, such as the relative or absolute speeds of vehicles 104 in adjacentlanes 112, and/or whether or not such vehicles 104 are passing 706and/or are being passed by the vehicle 104. The device 202 may transmit708 the information detected by the proximity sensor 702 to a travelservice 208, e.g., as a lane condition report 710 indicating theconditions of the respective lanes 112 of the path 106, optionallyincluding information about other (e.g., adjacent) lanes of the path 106and/or vehicles 104 utilizing such lanes 112, and/or information aboutthe user 102 and/or the travel along the path 106, such as the travelduration between the first location 108 and the second location 110.

FIG. 8 presents an illustration of example scenarios featuring a secondset of variations of this second aspect, wherein the lanes 112 and/orlane conditions 710 of the respective lanes 112 of the path 106 aredetermined by a machine vision technique 808. As a first examplescenario 802, a device 202 on board the vehicle 104 may include and/orbe in communication with a forward-mounted camera 802 that captures aforward-facing image 804 (e.g., through a windshield 806 of the vehicle104). A machine vision technique 808 may be applied to the image 804,such as a line detection algorithm that is configured to detect visiblelines indicating the respective lanes 112 of the path 106. The positionof the vehicle 104 on the path 106 may also be extrapolated by themachine vision technique 808, and may therefore be utilized to determinethe selected lane that is currently occupied by the vehicle 104.Alternatively or additionally, other machine vision techniques may beapplied to the image 804 to detect the lane conditions 710 of the lanes112 of the path 106, such as object recognition to detect and optionallycount a number of visible vehicles 104 ahead of the vehicle 104 of theuser 102 in the respective lanes 112, and/or visual sizing machinevision techniques that estimate a distance of vehicles 104 ahead of thevehicle 104 of the user 102. As a second example scenario 810, adownward-facing camera 802 may capture a downward-facing image 804 ofthe path 106, and a line detection machine vision technique 808 may beutilized to detect the visible lines indicating the lanes 112 of thepath 106, and/or the selected lane that is currently occupied by thevehicle 104 of the user 102.

E3. Evaluation of Lane Travel Duration

A third aspect that may vary among embodiments of the techniquespresented herein involves the evaluation of the travel duration of therespective lanes 112 of the path 106.

As a first variation of this third aspect, the periods through which atravel service 208 evaluates the travel durations of the lanes 112 ofthe path 106 may be selected in a variety of ways. As a first suchexample, the periods may be selected according to a predefined duration(e.g., one-hour or fifteen-minute blocks). As a second such example, theperiods may be selected to reflect different conditions of the lanes 112and/or path 106 (e.g., a first period selected to represent a morningcommute period; a second period selected to represent a midday period; athird period selected to represent an evening commute period; and afourth period selected to represent a weekend period). As a third suchexample, the periods may be selected to reflect different conditions ofan environment of the path 106 (e.g., a first period selected as aperiod of rainy weather, and a second period selected as a period of dryweather). As a fourth such example, the periods may be identified bycorrelating the travel reports 210 of the vehicles 104, e.g., bydetecting that a cluster of vehicles 104 traveling within a certainrange of time may reflect consistently similar travel durations).

As a second variation of this third aspect, a travel report 210 providedby a device 204 of a vehicle 104 may report a speed of the first user102 while traveling a selected lane 112 of the path 106 between thefirst location 108 and the second location 110. A travel service 208 maytherefore determine a typical travel duration of the respective lanes112 of the path 106 based on the collection of such travel reports 210according to the speeds of the users 102 traveling the lane 112 of thepath 106 between the first location 108 and the second location 110during the period (e.g., a typical travel duration for users 102traveling in the left lane 112 of the path 106 during a morning commuteperiod). For example, among the travel durations of the users 102traveling the lane 112 of the path 106 during the period, the travelservice 208 may determine the typical travel duration according to anaverage travel duration (e.g., an arithmetic mean, median, and/or modetravel duration) of the travel durations reported by the users 102, oraccording to a shortest and/or longest travel duration among the users102 traveling the lane 112 of the path 106 during the period.

As a third variation of this third aspect, a travel service 208 may beconfigured to correlate, for the respective lanes 112 of the path 106,the travel durations reported for the lane 112 according to a lanecondition of the selected lane 112 of the path 106. As a first suchexample, a particular lane 112 of the path 106 may be prone to frost,ice, or slippery conditions, and may therefore exhibit markedlydifferent travel durations during a particular period (e.g., during amorning commute period) on days that are wet and/or cold than on daysthat are not. As a second such example, a particular lane 112 of thepath 106 may be the focus of sporadic construction, and may thereforeexhibit markedly different travel durations when construction is and isnot under way. The travel service 208 may be configured to correlate thetravel reports 210 with respective lane conditions, and may utilize suchlane conditions to provide a more accurate estimation of typical traveldurations of the lane 112 of the path 106, which may in turn enable amore accurate predicted travel duration for the lane 112 on behalf of auser 102 of a vehicle 104.

As a fourth variation of this third aspect, a device 202 of the user 102and/or vehicle 104 may also participate in the collection of informationby the travel service 208. For example, the device 202 may submit to thetravel service 208 a travel report 210 that further specifies theselected lane 218 that was chosen by the user 102 while traveling thepath 106 between the first location 108 and the second location 110,and/or the travel duration experienced by the user 102 while travelingthe path 106 from the first location 108 to the second location 110.

As a fifth variation of this third aspect, the device 202 and/or travelservice 208 may utilize a variety of techniques to perform theidentification of the selected lane 218 based on such information onbehalf of a particular user 102. As a first such example, a travelreport 210 received from a first user 102 may specify at least oneintermediate location of the user 102 while traveling the path 106between the first location 108 and the second location 110, and thedevice 202 and/or travel service 208 may determine, from the at leastone intermediate location, the lane 112 of the path 106 of the user 102while traveling the path 106 between the first location 108 and thesecond location 110. As one such example, for the respective users 102of a first user set who are traveling or have traveled the path 106between the first location 108 and the second location 110, a travelduration of the user 102 may be determined. A histogram may be generatedof the travel durations of the users 102 of the first user set, and anarithmetic mean of the travel durations of the histogram may beidentified. Travel duration may be identified according to thearithmetic mean for the lane 112 of the path 106 between the firstlocation 108 and the second location 110.

FIG. 9 presents an illustration of an example scenario 900 whereinrespective users 102 are clustered to determine the lanes 112 of thepath 106 that are associated with the respective travel reports 212submitted by various users. In this example scenario 900, the devices202 of the respective users 102 submit travel reports 212 indicating thetravel duration of the users 102 while traveling the path 106 from thefirst location 108 to the second location 110. In many such scenarios,the location detection may not be suitably precise to determine whichlane 112 the respective users 102 have or had selected; e.g.,inaccuracies in location information, calibration, and/or mapping datamay suggest that users 102 whose vehicles 104 are occupying a particularlane 112 are or were, instead, between lanes 112 and/or in an adjacentlane 112. Accordingly, a clustering technique may be utilized tocorrelate travel reports 212 that are within a particular range oflocations, and that also indicate a particularly consistent set oftravel durations. For example, a first cluster 902 of travel reports 212may exhibit a broader set of locations that exceed the physical width ofthe lane 112, but may also be correlated by travel duration, and maytherefore be distinguished from travel reports 212 of a second cluster902 that overlap the locations of the first cluster 902 but that exhibita markedly different correlation of travel durations. In this manner,incomplete information about lane selection by users 102 and travelreports 212 may be supplemented with other information to yield adetermination of the typical travel durations of the lanes 112.

FIG. 10 is an illustration of an example scenario 1000 featuring acollection of travel reports 212 about the lanes 112 of a path 106. Inthis example scenario 1000, a set of vehicles 104 is operated by a setof users 102 on a path 106, and information about the lanes 112 of thepath 106 may be collected by a travel service 208 as a set of travelreports 212, including such information as the vehicles 104 in each lane112; the travel duration of each vehicle 103 in each lane 112; and otherinformation, such as lane costs 210 during the observed period. Suchtravel reports 212 may be collected from devices 202 on board thevehicles 104; from the users 102 of such vehicles 104; from toll booths1002, traffic cameras 1004, or other forms of path monitoring; and/orfrom aerial surveillance, such as from a drone 1006. The travel reports212 may be transmitted to the travel service 208 in a variety of ways,including the internet 1008 and radio transmissions 1010, and may bestored by the travel service 208 to facilitate the evaluation ofinformation about the respective lanes 112 of the path 106, includingthe typical travel durations for the respective lanes 112 of the path106. Many such techniques maybe utilized to determine the typical traveldurations for the respective lanes 112 of the path 106 during respectiveperiods in accordance with the techniques presented herein.

E4. Lane Selection

A fourth aspect that may vary among embodiments of the techniquespresented herein involves the manner of determining, among the lanes 112of the path 106, a selected lane 218 to be recommended to the user 102.

As a first variation of this fourth aspect, the determination of aselected lane 218 may be performed by the device 202 of the user 102;e.g., the travel service 208 may collect travel reports 212 and sendthem to the device 202, and/or typical travel durations determined forthe respective lanes 112, to be further evaluated by the device 202.Alternatively or additionally, the travel service 208 may identify theselected lane 218 to be recommended to the user 102, and may transmitthe identification of the selected lane 218 to the device 202.

As a second variation of this fourth aspect, the identification of theselected lane 218 may be based upon a variety of information in additionto the predicted travel durations of the respective lanes 112. Suchevaluation may lead to the selection of a first lane 112 over a secondlane 112 having a lower predicted travel duration if the otherinformation that is also evaluated mitigates in favor of the first lane112.

As a first example of this second variation of this fourth aspect, atleast one lane 112 may be associated with a lane cost 210 that isassessed to users 102 traveling in the lane 112, and identifying theselected lane 218 may include a comparison of the predicted traveldurations of the lanes 112 of the path 106 with the lane costs 210 ofthe lanes 112. Such lane costs 210 may be statically defined for therespective lanes 112 (e.g., a particular lane 112 may always beassociated with a constant lane cost 210); may vary at different timesof day; and/or may be controlled according to various conditions, suchthat the travel service 208 may further detect a current lane cost ofthe lane 112 for use in the comparison. The cost comparison may alsoinclude an evaluation of the comparative advantage of the lane 112 interms of reduced travel duration (e.g., whether the reduction in travelduration from using the lane 112 substantiates the lane cost 210 ascompared with another lane 112), and/or a cost sensitivity of the user102 (e.g., the user 102 may specify a cost budget and/or advantageratio, such as undertaking a certain lane cost 210 only if the reductionin travel duration exceeds a particular threshold travel durationreduction). In one such embodiment, a driving behavior of the user 102may be monitored to detect at least one lane selection by the user 102of a lane 112 having a lane cost 210 (e.g., an “opt-in” selection of thelane 112 by the user 102), and the further identification of selectedlanes 218 may be based upon an extrapolation of the cost sensitivity ofthe user 102 that is inferred from the user's driving behavior. Forexample, the device 202 may provide a presentation of the selected lane218 that includes the lane cost of a first lane 112 and a predictedtravel lane duration reduction as compared with a second lane 112, andthe cost sensitivity of the user 102 may be determined according to thelane selection of the user 102 in response to the presentation.

As a second example of this second variation of this fourth aspect,various lanes 112 of the path 106 may be associated with a lanerestriction, such as a minimum occupancy of a high-occupancy vehicle(HOV) lane; a time restriction during which the lane 112 may betraveled; a maximum and/or minimum speed that may be utilized byvehicles 104 traveling in the lane 112; and/or a vehicle class ofvehicles 104 that are permitted in and/or restricted from the lane 112(e.g., a height, weight, and/or wheel maximum). While identifying theselected lane 218 to recommend to the user 102, the device 202 and/ortravel service 208 may determine whether the user 102 and/or vehicle 104satisfies the lane restrictions of the respective lanes 112, and mayidentify a lane 112 as the selected lane 218 only if such lanerestrictions are satisfied.

As a third example of this second variation of this fourth aspect, theselected lanes 218 among the lanes 112 of the path 106 between the firstlocation 108 and the second location 110 may be determined more broadlyaccording to the route selection of routes by which the user 102 maytravel from an origin to a destination. For example, while comparingrespective routes from the origin to the destination, the device 202and/or travel service 208 may also consider the particular lanes 112 ofthe routes, and may identify the selected route 218 to be recommended tothe user 102 as part of the identification of a selected route.

FIG. 11 presents an illustration of an example scenario 1100 wherein auser 102 of a vehicle 104 may be advised of a selected lane 218 among aset of lanes 112 of the path 106. As a first such example, the selectedlane 218 may be identified based on the predicted travel duration ofeach lane 112 of the path 106. A device 202 of the user 102 maydetermine that a lane recommendation may be timely provided to the user102, and may therefore submit a query 1102 to the travel service 208.The travel service 208 may evaluate the travel reports 212 to determinetypical travel durations for the respective lanes 112 of the path 106,and, therefore, a predicted travel duration for each lane 112 of thepath 106 that the user 102 of the vehicle 104 may choose. For example,the travel service 208 may be informed, according to current travelreports 212 and/or typically during the current period, that the leftlane 112 is sparsely occupied; that the center lane is typicallyoccupied; and that the right lane is heavily occupied. The travelservice 208 may therefore transmit to the device 202 a set of predictedtravel durations 1104, and, optionally, other information that may berelevant to the identification of the selected lane 218, such as thecurrent lane costs 210 of the respective lanes 112. Using suchinformation, the travel service 208 and/or device 202 on board thevehicle 104 may identify the selected lane 218 for presentation to theuser 102. In this manner, the travel service 208 and device 202 on boardthe vehicle 104 may interoperate to determine the selected lane 218 tobe recommended to the user 102 in accordance with the techniquespresented herein.

E5. User Advising of Selected Lanes

A fifth aspect that may vary among embodiments of the techniquespresented herein involves the manner of advising a user 102 of theselected lane 218 of the path 106.

As a first variation of this fifth aspect, the recommendation of aselected lane 218 may be presented to the user 102 in a variety of ways.As a first such example, the selected lane 218 may be described inabsolute terms (e.g., “recommendation: choose the left lane”), or inrelative terms (e.g., “recommendation: move one lane to the left”). As asecond such example, the device 202 may or may not explain the basis ofthe recommendation, e.g., the comparative advantage of choosing theselected lane 218 over other lanes 112 of the path 106. Moreover, if theselected lane 218 is also the current lane 112 occupied by the vehicle104, the device 202 may either present the recommendation (e.g.,“recommendation: maintain current lane”), or may defer suchrecommendation until detecting that the user 102 is consideringtransitioning to a different lane (e.g., upon detecting the user'sactivation of a turn signal).

FIG. 12 presents an illustration of a set of exemplary scenarios 1200whereby the device 202 may advise the user 102 as to the selected lane218. As a first variation 1202 of this fifth aspect, a visual and/oraudial indicator may be presented to the user 102 by the device 202and/or vehicle 104, such as a light on the dashboard of the vehicle 104or an audio or voice cue 1204 prompting the user to select a particularlane 112. As a second variation 1206 of this fifth aspect, a visualindicator 1210 may be presented on a window 1208 of the vehicle 104,and, optionally, may be presented at a selected location 1214 on thewindow 1208 that correlates the visual indicator 1210 with the location1212 of the selected lane 218 through the window 1208 from theperspective of the user 102 (e.g., presenting a visual arrow and/orhighlighting the location of the selected lane 218 when viewed throughthe window 1208 by the user 102). A a third variation 1214 of this fifthaspect, the user 102 may wear one or more wearable devices whileoperating the vehicle 104, such as a pair of eyeglasses 1216 or awristwatch 1218. The presentation of the suggestion of the selected lane218 may be achieved through such wearable devices, e.g., by presenting avisual indicator 1220 within the viewable region of the eyeglasses 1216worn by the user 102, and/or issuing a vibration alert 1222 through thewristwatch 1218 of the user 1220 to indicate the direction of theselected lane (e.g., flashing a leftward visual indicator 1220 or avibration alert 1222 on the user's left wrist to indicate a selection ofa lane 218 to the left of the user's current lane). Many such techniquesmay be utilized to recommend the selected lane 218 to the user 102 inaccordance with the techniques presented herein.

F. Computing Environment

FIG. 13 and the following discussion provide a brief, generaldescription of a suitable computing environment to implement embodimentsof one or more of the provisions set forth herein. The operatingenvironment of FIG. 13 is only one example of a suitable operatingenvironment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to thescope of use or functionality of the operating environment. Examplecomputing devices include, but are not limited to, personal computers,server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, mobile devices (such asmobile phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), media players, andthe like), multiprocessor systems, consumer electronics, mini computers,mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include anyof the above systems or devices, and the like.

Although not required, embodiments are described in the general contextof “computer readable instructions” being executed by one or morecomputing devices. Computer readable instructions may be distributed viacomputer readable media (discussed below). Computer readableinstructions may be implemented as program modules, such as functions,objects, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), data structures, andthe like, that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstractdata types. Typically, the functionality of the computer readableinstructions may be combined or distributed as desired in variousenvironments.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a system 1300 comprising a computingdevice 1302 configured to implement one or more embodiments providedherein. In one configuration, computing device 1302 includes at leastone processing unit 1306 and memory 1308. Depending on the exactconfiguration and type of computing device, memory 1308 may be volatile(such as RAM, for example), non-volatile (such as ROM, flash memory,etc., for example) or some combination of the two. This configuration isillustrated in FIG. 13 by dashed line 1304.

In other embodiments, device 1302 may include additional features and/orfunctionality. For example, device 1302 may also include additionalstorage (e.g., removable and/or non-removable) including, but notlimited to, magnetic storage, optical storage, and the like. Suchadditional storage is illustrated in FIG. 13 by storage 1310. In oneembodiment, computer readable instructions to implement one or moreembodiments provided herein may be in storage 1310. Storage 1310 mayalso store other computer readable instructions to implement anoperating system, an application program, and the like. Computerreadable instructions may be loaded in memory 1308 for execution byprocessing unit 1306, for example.

The term “computer readable media” as used herein includes computerstorage media. Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile,removable and non-removable media implemented in any method ortechnology for storage of information such as computer readableinstructions or other data. Memory 1308 and storage 1310 are examples ofcomputer storage media. Computer storage media includes, but is notlimited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology,CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVDs) or other optical storage,magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or othermagnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to storethe desired information and which can be accessed by device 1302. Anysuch computer storage media may be part of device 1302.

Device 1302 may also include communication connection(s) 1316 thatallows device 1302 to communicate with other devices. Communicationconnection(s) 1316 may include, but is not limited to, a modem, aNetwork Interface Card (NIC), an integrated network interface, a radiofrequency transmitter/receiver, an infrared port, a USB connection, orother interfaces for connecting computing device 1302 to other computingdevices. Communication connection(s) 1316 may include a wired connectionor a wireless connection. Communication connection(s) 1316 may transmitand/or receive communication media.

The term “computer readable media” may include communication media.Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions orother data in a “modulated data signal” such as a carrier wave or othertransport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. Theterm “modulated data signal” may include a signal that has one or moreof its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encodeinformation in the signal.

Device 1302 may include input device(s) 1314 such as keyboard, mouse,pen, voice input device, touch input device, infrared cameras, videoinput devices, and/or any other input device. Output device(s) 1312 suchas one or more displays, speakers, printers, and/or any other outputdevice may also be included in device 1302. Input device(s) 1314 andoutput device(s) 1312 may be connected to device 1302 via a wiredconnection, wireless connection, or any combination thereof. In oneembodiment, an input device or an output device from another computingdevice may be used as input device(s) 1314 or output device(s) 1312 forcomputing device 1302.

Components of computing device 1302 may be connected by variousinterconnects, such as a bus. Such interconnects may include aPeripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), such as PCI Express, aUniversal Serial Bus (USB), firewire (IEEE 1394), an optical busstructure, and the like. In another embodiment, components of computingdevice 1302 may be interconnected by a network. For example, memory 1308may be comprised of multiple physical memory units located in differentphysical locations interconnected by a network.

Those skilled in the art will realize that storage devices utilized tostore computer readable instructions may be distributed across anetwork. For example, a computing device 1320 accessible via network1318 may store computer readable instructions to implement one or moreembodiments provided herein. Computing device 1302 may access computingdevice 1320 and download a part or all of the computer readableinstructions for execution. Alternatively, computing device 1302 maydownload pieces of the computer readable instructions, as needed, orsome instructions may be executed at computing device 1302 and some atcomputing device 1320.

G. Usage of Terms

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific tostructural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understoodthat the subject matter defined in the appended claims is notnecessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above.Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed asexample forms of implementing the claims.

As used in this application, the terms “component,” “module,” “system”,“interface”, and the like are generally intended to refer to acomputer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution. For example, a componentmay be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, aprocessor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program,and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application runningon a controller and the controller can be a component. One or morecomponents may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and acomponent may be localized on one computer and/or distributed betweentwo or more computers.

Furthermore, the claimed subject matter may be implemented as a method,apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or anycombination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosedsubject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein isintended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device, carrier, or media. Of course, those skilled inthe art will recognize many modifications may be made to thisconfiguration without departing from the scope or spirit of the claimedsubject matter.

Various operations of embodiments are provided herein. In oneembodiment, one or more of the operations described may constitutecomputer readable instructions stored on one or more computer readablemedia, which if executed by a computing device, will cause the computingdevice to perform the operations described. The order in which some orall of the operations are described should not be construed as to implythat these operations are necessarily order dependent. Alternativeordering will be appreciated by one skilled in the art having thebenefit of this description. Further, it will be understood that not alloperations are necessarily present in each embodiment provided herein.

Moreover, the word “example” is used herein to mean serving as anexample, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design describedherein as “example” is not necessarily to be construed as advantageousover other aspects or designs. Rather, use of the word example isintended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in thisapplication, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” ratherthan an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, or clearfrom context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the naturalinclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or Xemploys both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any ofthe foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as usedin this application and the appended claims may generally be construedto mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from contextto be directed to a singular form.

Also, although the disclosure has been shown and described with respectto one or more implementations, equivalent alterations and modificationswill occur to others skilled in the art based upon a reading andunderstanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. Thedisclosure includes all such modifications and alterations and islimited only by the scope of the following claims. In particular regardto the various functions performed by the above described components(e.g., elements, resources, etc.), the terms used to describe suchcomponents are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, toany component which performs the specified function of the describedcomponent (e.g., that is functionally equivalent), even though notstructurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs thefunction in the herein illustrated example implementations of thedisclosure. In addition, while a particular feature of the disclosuremay have been disclosed with respect to only one of severalimplementations, such feature may be combined with one or more otherfeatures of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageousfor any given or particular application. Furthermore, to the extent thatthe terms “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof areused in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms areintended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.”

1. A method, comprising: for a first lane of a path between a firstlocation and a second location, receiving a first predicted travelduration of the first lane between the first location and the secondlocation, wherein the first lane is associated with a first lane costfor users traveling in the first lane; for a second lane of the path,receiving a second predicted travel duration of the second lane betweenthe first location and the second location, wherein the second lane isassociated with a second lane cost for users traveling in the secondlane; and selecting either the first lane or the second lane for a userwhen the user is traveling the path between the first location and thesecond location based upon the first predicted travel duration, thefirst lane cost, the second predicted travel duration, and the secondlane costs to yield a selected lane.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinat least one of the first lane cost or the second lane cost is zero. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein: the user has a cost sensitivity; andselecting either the first lane or the second lane for the usercomprises selecting either the first lane or the second lane for theuser based upon the cost sensitivity of the user.
 4. The method of claim1, comprising: communicating the selected lane to the user.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, comprising: providing a notice regarding the selectedlane on a windshield of a vehicle associated with the user.
 6. Themethod of claim 5, wherein providing the notice comprises providing anicon on the windshield in a sight-line between the user and the selectedlane.
 7. The method of claim 1, comprising: detecting that the user istransitioning lanes along the path; and providing a notice regarding theselected lane responsive to detecting that the user is transitioninglanes.
 8. The method of claim 1, comprising: communicating the selectedlane and a basis for recommending the selected lane to the user.
 9. Themethod of claim 1, comprising: determining a vehicle class of a vehicleassociated with the user, wherein selecting either the first lane or thesecond lane for the user comprises selecting either the first lane orthe second lane for the user based upon the vehicle class of thevehicle.
 10. The method of claim 1, comprising: predicting a surfacecondition of the first lane; and predicting a surface condition of thesecond lane, wherein selecting either the first lane or the second lanefor the user comprises selecting either the first lane or the secondlane for the user based upon the surface condition of the first lane andthe surface condition of the second lane.
 11. A method, comprising:determining a path of a user between a first location and a secondlocation, wherein: the path comprises a first portion and a secondportion separated from the first portion by a transitional portion, thefirst portion comprises at least a first lane and a second lane, and thefirst lane abuts the transitional portion; determining a travelcondition of the first lane between a current location of the user andthe transitional portion; determining a travel condition of the secondlane between the current location of the user and the transitionalportion; and determining a point at which to recommend that the usertransition from the second lane to the first lane between the currentlocation and the transitional portion based upon the travel condition ofthe first lane and the travel condition of the second lane.
 12. Themethod of claim 11, comprising: upon the user arriving at the point,providing a notice to the user to transition from the second lane to thefirst lane.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein providing the noticecomprises providing the notice on a windshield of a vehicle associatedwith the user.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein providing the noticecomprises providing an icon on a windshield of a vehicle associated withthe user in a sight-line between the user and the first lane.
 15. Themethod of claim 11, wherein at least one of: determining the travelcondition of the first lane comprises determining a traffic condition ofthe first lane, or determining the travel condition of the second lanecomprises determining a traffic condition of the second lane.
 16. Themethod of claim 11, wherein at least one of: determining the travelcondition of the first lane comprises determining a surface condition ofthe first lane, or determining the travel condition of the second lanecomprises determining a surface condition of the second lane.
 17. Asystem comprising: a processor; and memory comprising instructions thatwhen executed by the processor cause operations to be performed, whereinthe operations are configured to: for a first lane of a path between afirst location and a second location, receive a first predicted travelduration of the first lane between the first location and the secondlocation, wherein the first lane is associated with a first lane costfor users traveling in the first lane; for a second lane of the path,receive a second predicted travel duration of the second lane betweenthe first location and the second location, wherein the second lane isassociated with a second lane cost for users traveling in the secondlane; and select either the first lane or the second lane for a userwhen the user is traveling the path between the first location and thesecond location based upon the first predicted travel duration, thefirst lane cost, the second predicted travel duration, and the secondlane costs to yield a selected lane.
 18. The system of claim 17,wherein: the user has a cost sensitivity; and selecting either the firstlane or the second lane for the user comprises selecting either thefirst lane or the second lane for the user based upon the costsensitivity of the user.
 19. The system of claim 17, wherein theoperations are configured to: detect that the user is transitioninglanes along the path; and provide a notice regarding the selected laneresponsive to detecting that the user is transitioning lanes.
 20. Thesystem of claim 17, wherein the operations are configured to: predict asurface condition of the first lane; and predict a surface condition ofthe second lane, wherein selecting either the first lane or the secondlane for the user comprises selecting either the first lane or thesecond lane for the user based upon the surface condition of the firstlane and the surface condition of the second lane.